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1. Introduction to Copyright (Meaning + Nature + Philosophy) Copyright is a legal right that protects an author’s original expression . It is a “negative right”, meaning others cannot do certain things without the author’s permission. Philosophical Justifications Natural Rights Theory (John Locke) Creators deserve reward because they mix their labour with creation. Utilitarian Theory Society benefits when creators have incentive to create. Economic Incentive Theory Copyright helps creators earn money from their work. Human Rights Theory Creative expression is part of personal identity. 2. Structure of the Copyright Act, 1957 The Act has 79 sections and 2 schedules . It covers: Subsistence of copyright Ownership Economic rights Moral rights Assignment & licensing Infringement Remedies Societies (IPRS, PPL) Special rules for digital environment Exceptions (fair dealing) International works 3. WHAT IS PROTECTED? (Section 13) Copyright subsi...