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🌐 Cyberspace and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) with Special Reference to Domain Names 1. Introduction In today’s digital age, almost every business, institution, and individual operates in cyberspace — the virtual environment created by the internet. With the rise of online trade, e-commerce, and social media, intellectual property rights (IPR) have become crucial in protecting creativity, innovation, and reputation in the digital world. One of the major concerns in cyberspace is the use and misuse of domain names , which are closely related to trademarks . 2. Meaning of Cyberspace Cyberspace refers to the online environment made up of computers, networks, and digital communications. It includes websites, emails, social media platforms, and online transactions. It is borderless — meaning, laws and rights often overlap between countries. 3. Meaning of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are legal rights that protect creations...