criminology schools (Demonological, Classical/Neo-Classical, Cartographic, Positivist, Psychological)
criminology schools (Demonological, Classical/Neo-Classical, Cartographic, Positivist, Psychological) Schools of Criminology – Detailed Analysis Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals . Over time, different schools of thought tried to explain why crimes happen . These schools gave different theories → supernatural, rational choice, environment, biology, psychology, and society. 1. Demonological School Oldest explanation of crime. Crime = result of evil spirits, demons, or sin . Criminals were seen as “possessed” by devils. Punishment = very harsh (burning, hanging, torture). Example: Witch-hunting in Europe; in India, still some rural areas practice “witch branding.” Case Law: Chandra Kant v. State of Himachal Pradesh (2002) – Court condemned witch-hunting, showing leftover demonological beliefs. 2. Classical School (Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham) Crime = free will + rational choice . Criminals weigh pleasure vs. pain before comm...