Like Legal Law

⚖️ The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 (PPV&FR Act) (Complete, humanized, detailed version — ideal for 14–16 marks answer in LLB exam) 🌱 1️⃣ Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, employing more than half of the population. Farmers have been the guardians of seeds and biodiversity for thousands of years. However, with the rise of biotechnology and commercial seed development, there arose a need to protect new plant varieties and recognize the contribution of farmers who conserve genetic resources. In the 1990s, India signed the TRIPS Agreement (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) under the WTO, which required all member nations to protect plant varieties through either: Patents , or An effective sui generis system (a system made especially for that country’s conditions). India chose the second route — a unique law combining IPR with social justice — resulting in the Protection of Plant Varieties and F...

The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 (PPV&FR Act) 🔷 1️⃣ Introduction India is an agricultural nation — over 60% of its population depends directly or indirectly on farming. For centuries, farmers have been the custodians of seeds , breeding new varieties naturally through selection and conservation. But during the late 20th century, biopiracy (foreign companies patenting Indian plants like neem, turmeric, and basmati) created a need for a national law that protected both plant breeders’ innovations and farmers’ traditional knowledge . Hence, the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 (PPV&FR Act) was enacted to: Provide intellectual property rights (IPR) protection for new plant varieties. Recognize and reward farmers’ contribution . Comply with Article 27(3)(b) of the TRIPS Agreement , which requires countries to protect plant varieties by patents or a sui generis system. India chose the sui generis system , c...