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Unpaid Seller – Meaning and Rights 1. Introduction In a contract of sale, the seller’s main duty is to deliver goods and the buyer’s duty is to pay the price. But sometimes, the buyer fails to pay the full price or refuses to pay. In such cases, the seller is known as an “unpaid seller” . The law provides specific rights and protections to such a seller under Sections 45 to 54 of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 . These rights ensure that the seller is not unfairly deprived of his goods or payment. 2. Meaning of Unpaid Seller (Section 45) According to Section 45(1) of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930: A seller is called an unpaid seller when — The whole price has not been paid or tendered; or A bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument received as conditional payment has been dishonoured. Example: If A sells goods to B for ₹10,000 and B pays ₹5,000 only, A is an unpaid seller for the remaining ₹5,000. 3. Rights of an Unpaid Seller The rights of an unpaid seller are div...