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Sociological School of Criminology – Analysis The Sociological School of Criminology explains crime not as the result of biological defects or individual morality but as a product of society, social structure, and group interactions . It studies how poverty, inequality, family, peer groups, education, urbanization, and cultural conflicts create criminals. Key Thinkers and Their Theories 1. Emile Durkheim – Theory of Anomie Durkheim (Father of Sociology) said that crime is a normal part of society . In his book Division of Labour in Society (1893), he explained: Crime exists in every society, because people have different values and goals. Anomie = a situation where social norms break down (example: sudden economic crisis, rapid industrialization). When norms are weak or unclear, people commit crimes. Example in India: During sudden demonetization (2016), black money hoarding, fake currency cases increased → result of social disorganization. 2. Edwin Sutherland –...