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Q.1 — Requirements for Registration of a New Variety of Plants & Procedure for Registration (Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001) I. Meaning of “New Variety of Plant” Under Section 2(j) of the PVFR Act, 2001, a variety means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon that is: identifiable by distinct characteristics, uniform, stable, and capable of being propagated. The Act encourages plant breeding while protecting farmers’ interests. II. Requirements for Registration (Sections 14–18) A plant variety must satisfy the DUS Criteria : 1. Distinctiveness (D) – Section 15(3)(a) The variety must be clearly distinguishable from any other known variety by at least one essential characteristic. Example: A rice variety with unique disease resistance compared to existing varieties. 2. Uniformity (U) – Section 15(3)(b) The variety must be sufficiently uniform in its essential characteristics, subject to natural variation. 3. Stability (S) – Sec...