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Introduction In a key development, the Supreme Court of India has reconstituted a three-judge Bench to hear crucial petitions questioning the extent of the Enforcement Directorate’s (ED) powers under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) . This comes amid growing concerns about the central agency’s expanding influence in high-profile political and financial investigations. The case is expected to have significant implications for civil liberties and the balance of power between investigation agencies and constitutional rights. Why the ED’s Powers Are Under Scrutiny The ED has often been at the center of controversy for its wide-ranging powers under the PMLA, including: Arrest without immediate filing of a formal charge sheet, Attaching properties suspected to be linked to crime proceeds, Long custodial interrogation without stringent judicial checks. Several politicians, activists, and businesspersons have alleged misuse of these powers for political or ...